Programs within this focus area will utilize the high sensitivity and large bandwidth of photonic components, with the ease of transmission of optical signals to enhance sensing and communications. Research focuses on increasing photonic integration to develop photonic circuits of increasing complexity and reduced footprint, and in the fundamental development of novel photonic devices to increase performance and expand capabilities. Programs focus on all wavelengths of the optical regime from UV to the IR and include applications spanning from biological sensing and decontamination to optical communications. The objectives are to develop the framework and the devices necessary to produce easily designed, manufactured, and scalable photonic circuits.